A. Kegunaan
1. Untuk menyatakan hal-hal yang bersifat umum.
Contoh : The sun rises in the east.
There are twelve months in a year.
A ball is round.
2. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan yang dilakukan sekarang.
Contoh : He studies English every day.
They work in the office.
She gets up early every morning.
3. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang akan dilakukan di masa yang akan datang.
Contoh : The bus leaves tomorrow morning.
I go to your house next week.
He arrives in Holland next month.
4. Untuk menyatakan perintah atau permintaan.
Contoh : Please let us do the work.
Get out of the room!.
Call the police if you want.
5. Untuk menyatakan larangan atau peringatan.
Contoh: Don’t open the door!.
Don’t go!.
Don’t tell him about it!.
B. Pola Kalimat
1. Kalimat dengan pola to be : is,am,are.
a. Kalimat positive dengan rumus :
(+) S + is/am/are + adj/adv/n
Contoh : I am happy
You are happy
She is happy
He is happy
We are happy
They are happy
It is happy
b. Kalimat negative dengan rumus:
(-) S + is not/am not/are not + adj/adv/n
Contoh : I am not happy
You are not happy
She is not happy
He is not happy
We are not happy
They are not happy
It is not happy
c. Kalimat interrogative dengan rumus:
(?) Is/am/are + S + adj/adv/n
Contoh : Am I happy?
Are you happy?
Is she happy?
Is he happy?
Are we happy?
Are they happy?
Is it happy?
d. Kalimat negative-interrogative dengan rumus:
(-?) Isn’t/Aren’t + S + adj/adv/n
Contoh : Aren’t I happy?
Aren’t you happy?
Isn’t she happy?
Isn’t he happy?
Aren’t we happy?
Aren’t they happy?
Isn’t it happy?
2. Kalimat dengan pola infinitive : V1 (s/es/ies)
a. Kalimat positive dengan rumus:
(+) S + V1 (s/es/ies)
Contoh : I eat
You eat
She eats
He eats
We eats
They eats
It eats
b. Kalimat negative dengan rumus:
(-) S + do not/does not + V1
Contoh : I do not eat
Youdo not eat
She does not eats
He does not eats
We do not eats
They do not eats
It does not eats
c. Kalimat interrogative dengan rumus:
(?) Do/Does + S +V1
Contoh : Do I eat?
Do you eat?
Does she eats?
Does he eats?
Do we eats?
Do they eats?
Does it eats?
d. Kalimat negative-interrogative dengan rumus:
(-?) Don’t/Doesn’t + S + V1
Contoh : Don’t I eat?
Don’t you eat?
Doesn’t she eats?
Doesn’t he eats?
Don’t we eats?
Don’t they eats?
Doesn’t it eats?
Present Continuous Tense
A. Kegunaan
1. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau kegunaan yang sedang berlangsung saat sekarang.
Contoh : I am eating now.
He is sleeping now.
They are drinking at this moment.
2. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau kegiatan ang sedang berlangsung saat sekarang ketika peristiwa atau kejadian lain terjadi.
Contoh : She is talking to someone when we meet her.
Jack is studying when I phone him.
3. Untuk menyatakan suatu rencana yang akan segera dilakukan di masa datang. Dalam hal ini, keterangan waktu seperti:; tonight, tomorrow, next,…… mutlak digunakan.
Contoh : They are leaving for Jakarta tomorrow.
She is riving at the airport at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning.
4. Dengan pola be going to untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang akan dilakukan di masa datang.
Contoh : He is going to meet me next week.
We are going to hunt tomorrow.
B. Pola Kalimat
1. Kalimat positive dengan rumus:
(+) S + is/am/are + V1-ing
Contoh : I am reading
You are reading
She is reading
He is reading
We are reading
They are reading
It is reading
2. Kalimat negative dengan rumus:
(-) S + is not/am not/are not + V1-ing
Contoh : I am not reading
You are not reading
She is not reading
He is not reading
We are not reading
They are not reading
It is not reading
3. Kalimat interrogative dengan rumus:
(?) Is/am/are + S + V1-ing
Contoh : Am I reading?
Are you reading?
Is she reading?
Is he reading?
Are we reading?
Are they reading?
Is it reading?
4. Kalimat negative-interrogative dengan rumus:
(-?) Isn’t/aren’t + S + V1-ing
Contoh : Aren’t I reading?
Aren’t you reading?
Isn’t she reading?
Isn’t he reading?
Aren’t we reading?
Aren’t they reading?
Isn’t it reading?
Simple Past Tense
A. Kegunaan
1. Untuk menyatakan suatu aktivitas atau kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau.
Contoh : I visited Bali last year.
John saw a good movie last night.
Their friends were here yesterday.
2. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan yang dilakukan di masa lampau.
Contoh : We used to have three rabbits.
Miftah always read holy Qur’an at night.
B. Pola Kalimat
1. Pola kalimat menggunakan kata kerja Verb-2:
Kalimat positive dengan rumus:
(+) S + V-II + Object
Contoh : John watched television last night.
You went to school yesterday.
Kalimat negative dengan rumus:
(-) S + Did + Not + V-1 + Object
Contoh : John did not watch television last night.
You did not go to school yesterday.
Kalimat interrogative dengan rumus:
(?) Did + S + V-1 + Object
Contoh : Did john watch television last night?
Did you go to school yesterday?
Kalimat negative-introgative dengan rumus:
(-?) Did + S + Not + V-1 + Object
Contoh : Did john not watch television last night?
Did you not go to school yesterday?
2. Pola kalimat menggunakan Be (was, were):
Kalimat positive dengan rumus:
(+) S + Be (was/were) + Adj/adv/n
Contoh :He was very busy yesterday.
They were at library last night.
Kalimat negative dengan rumus:
(-) S + Be (was/were) + Not + Adj/adv/n
Contoh : He was not very busy yesterday.
They were not at library last night.
Kalimat interrogative dengan rumus:
(?) Be (was/were) + S + Adj/adv/n
Contoh : Was he very busy yesterday?
Were they at library last night?
Kalimat negative-introgative dengan rumus:
(-?) Be (was/were) + S + Not + Adj/adv/n
Contoh : Was he not very busy yesterday?
Were they not at library last night?
Past Continuous Tense
A. Kegunaan
1. Untuk menyatakan suatu aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu dimasa lampau.
Contoh : Ali was calling his honey yesterday at eight o’clock.
Dina was watching television at nine last night.
2. Untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung ketika kejadian lain menyusul atau terjadi pada mas alampau.
Contoh : Gunawan was watching television when his father came.
He was going to school when they met john.
3. Uuntuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang berlangusng ketika kejadian lain juga terjadi secara bersamaan pada masa lampau.
Contoh : He was reading the book while has drinking a cup of tea.
I was writing th letter while she was crying.
B. Pola Kalimat
1. Pola kalimat menggunakan kata kerja (Verb-ing)
Kalimat positive dengan rumus:
(+) S + Be (was/were) + V-ing + Object
Contoh :She was studying englisht yesterday night.
My mother was cooking.
Kalimat negative dengan rumus:
(-) S + Be (was/were) + Not + V-ing + Object
Contoh : She was not studying englisht yesterday night.
My mother was not cooking.
Kalimat interrogative dengan rumus:
(?) Be (was/were) + S + V-ing + Object
Contoh : Was she studying englisht yesterday night?
Was my mother cooking?
Kalimat negative-introgative dengan rumus:
(-?) Be (was/were) + S + Not + V-ing + Object
Contoh : Was she not studying englisht yesterday night?
Was my mother not cooking?
2. Pola kalimat menggunakan Be (was/were)
Kalimat positive dengan rumus:
(+) S + Be (was/were) + Adj/adv/n
Contoh : They were happy
They were at library.
Kalimat negative dengan rumus:
(-) S + Be (was/were) + Not + Adj/adv/n
Contoh :They were not happy.
They were not at library.
Kalimat interrogative dengan rumus:
(?) Be (was/were) + S + Adj/adv/n
Contoh : Were they happy?
Were they at library?
Kalimat negative-introgative dengan rumus:
(-?) Be (was/were) + S + Not + Adj/adv/n
Contoh : Were they happy?
Were they not at library?
Sumber : Gumpol W.Y., MASTERY OF SIXTEEN TENSES, KANISIUS, 1995.
Isnaeni Lucky, Panduan Lengkap 16 TENSES, PT. Tangga Pustaka, Jakarta, 2010.
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